STAGE 3: 41-60 years
The dominant hardwoods prevail within the forest, growing even larger and crowding out the less vigorous trees. Dead or dying trees become home to many bugs and animals as they eventually fall and decompose. High quality wood is now available in many of the hardwood trees. Young, shade-tolerant sprouts and saplings, such as red maple and dogwoods, are present within the forest floor. These will create the next cycle of hardwood forest.
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