STAGE 4: 61 years +
The hardwood forest is now composed of mostly large, high quality hardwoods with some dead or dying trees, both pine and hardwood, which provide nesting cavities for a variety of animals. Also, the next cycle of hardwood forest is well on its way underneath the canopy. The forest will remain predominantly hardwood until it is cleared by a natural event, such as a fire or storm, or is harvested. Thereafter, the forest cycle begins again.
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